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There is an old adage: “Choose a job that you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life,” meaning that if you enjoy your occupation, work doesn’t seem like. In reality, our motivations are often a mix of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, but the nature of the mix of these factors might change over time (often in ways that seem counter-intuitive). However, if you are here because you want to get a college degree to make yourself more marketable for a high-paying career or to satisfy the demands of your parents, then your motivation is more extrinsic in nature.
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Are you here because you enjoy learning and want to pursue an education to make yourself a more well-rounded individual? If so, then you are intrinsically motivated. Think about why you are currently in college. You will learn about several theories that have been proposed to explain how emotion occurs, the biological underpinnings of emotion, and the universality of emotions.įigure 10.2 Intrinsic motivation comes from within the individual, while extrinsic motivation comes from outside the individual. This chapter will close with a discussion of emotion.
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What are the physiological mechanisms of hunger and satiety? What understanding do scientists have of why obesity occurs, and what treatments exist for obesity and eating disorders? How has research on human sex and sexuality evolved over the past century? How do psychologists understand and study the human experience of sexual orientation and gender identity? These questions-and more-will be explored. Next, we will consider both eating and having sex as examples of motivated behaviors. You will learn about the physiological needs that drive some human behaviors, as well as the importance of our social experiences in influencing our actions. We will begin with a discussion of several theories that have been proposed to explain motivation and why we engage in a given behavior. In this chapter, we will explore issues relating to both motivation and emotion. What makes us behave as we do? What drives us to eat? What drives us toward sex? Is there a biological basis to explain the feelings we experience? How universal are emotions? What are emotions? What causes them? What motivated some bystanders to immediately help others, while other people ran for safety? (credit: modification of work by Aaron “tango” Tang) Surprise, fear, anger, and sadness are some immediate emotions that people experienced in the aftermath of the ApBoston Marathon bombing. Figure 10.1 Emotions can change in an instant, especially in response to an unexpected event.